Science Final Exam Study Guide
Anatomy
- Describe the functions of the respiratory system? Pg 562
2. Describe the functions of the circulatory system? Pg 532
The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body.
3. How do these systems work together?
Oxygen enters the blood stream in the lungs. The blood is the cycled through the body and oxygen is brought to each cell. CO2 leaves the cells, enters the blood stream,and moves to the lungs where it leaves the body.
4.What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?- Pg 220
Asexual reproduction is where ONE parent makes a genetically identical clone of itself. EX A bacteria cell splitting into two daughter cells. Or trees growing off existing trees(see image below)
Sexual reproduction is where the genetic information of two parents combine to great a genetically different offspring.
Natural selection/evolution- Pg 170
5. Describe the process of natural selection.
Natural selection is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. NOTE- The change in adaptation is caused by a random genetic mutation. Ex pepper moths (see image below)
6. What is the purpose of Darwin’s finches having different beak shapes?
The different beaks are used for eating different food. Ex fruits,nuts,insects
7. What are the four main pieces of evidence for evolution?
- Similarities in DNA
- Similarities in early development (embryos)
-Similarities in bone structure (homologous structures)
-Fossils
Ecology-Pg 706
8. What is an ecosystem?
All the biotic and abiotic factors working together as they cycle energy and nutrients in a given area.
9. Draw and label the levels of an energy pyramid. - Know the layer names (see image below)
10. What are some reasons for a population of a species to increase? Decrease?
Increase- predator population is down, abundance of food, immigration
Decrease- predator population is up, food source is scarce, emigration, disease, human impact
11. What are the three types of symbiosis? Give a real life example of each.
(See image below)
12. How do primary and secondary succession differ?- Pg 731
Primary succession is the growth of plants in an area that has NO life, such as after a volcanic eruption. Secondary succession is the growth of plants in an area that has been damaged but not devoid of life. Such as after a forest fire or a farm that is no longer used for farming. Note- it takes 80-100 years for a mature hard wood forest to form. (See image below)